Checklist for building a biogas plant

Checklist for building a biogas plant

book Source: Biogas Plants in Animal Husbandry

1. Finishing the planning, i.e. site evaluation, determination of energy demand and biomass supply/biogas yield, plant sizing, selection of plant design, how and where to use the biogas, etc., ail in accordance with the above planning guide.
2. Stipulate the plant's location and elaborate a site plan, including all buildings, gas pipes, gas appliances and fields to be fertilized with digested slurry.
3. Draft a technical drawing showing all plant components, i.e. mixing pit, connection to stabling, inlet/outlet, digester, gasholder, gas pipes, slurry storage.
4. Preparation of material/personnel requirements list and procurement of materials needed for the chosen plant:
- bricks/stones/blocks for walls and foundation
- sand, gravel
- cement/lime
- inlet/outlet pipes
- metal parts (sheet metal, angle irons, etc.)
- gas pipes and fittings
- paint and sealants
- gas appliances
- tools
- mason and helper
- unskilled labor
- workshops for metal (gasholder) and pipe installation.
5. Material/personnel assignment planning, i.e. procedural planning and execution of:
- excavation
- foundation slab
- digester masonry
- gasholder
- rendering and sealing the masonry
- mixing pit
- slurry storage pit
- drying out the plant
- installing the gas pipe
- acceptance inspection.
6. Regular building supervision.
7. Commissioning
- functional inspection of the biogas plant and its components - starting the plant
8. Filling the plant.
9. Training the user.

Biogas Plant Notes Introduction | Acknowledgment

Acknowledgment

I would like to thank the collegues of CAMARTEC for their efficient and friendly cooperation while writing the text and preparing the drawings.

I am greatly indebted to Mwanaidi and Christopher Kellner who did everything possible to provide me a cosy home and a most suitable working place while staying in Arusha.

Ludwig Sasse

Benefits and costs of a biogas plant

 Benefits and costs of a biogas plant

A biogas plant supplies energy and fertilizer. It improves hygiene and protects the environment. A biogas plant lightens the burden on the State budget and improves working conditions for the housewife. A biogas plant is a modern energy source. A biogas plant improves life in the country. A biogas plant can satisfy these high expectations only if it is well designed. A biogas plant supplies energy. However, a biogas plant also consumes energy. Energy is already consumed in the production of the construction material:

-  for 1 m³ of masonry, about 1000 kWh or 180 m³ of biogas,
-  for 100 kg of steel, about 800 kWh or 150 m³ of biogas,
-  for 1 kg of oil paint, about 170 kWh or 28 m³ of biogas.

Energy is consumed in transporting the materials of a biogas plant. Construction and maintenance also consume energy:
-  for 1 km of transport by lorry, about 1.5 kWh or 1.05 m³ of biogas
-  for 1 km of transport by car, about 0.5 kWh or 0.35 m³ of biogas.

A biogas plant must operate for one or two years before the energy put into it is recovered. The degree of digestion increases with the retention time. Long retention times save energy. The net energy gain is smaller with short retention times: if the retention time for 50 kg of cattle dung is reduced from 90 to 45 days, some 790 kWh or 240 m³ of biogas per year is lost. A biogas plant eases the work of the housewife. However, a biogas plant also creates additional work for the housewife: dung and mixing water have to be supplied to it. The fermentation slurry has to be mixed. Long retention times help the housewife. Biogas plants with short retention times need more labour: To replace 20 kg of firewood by biogas, a housewife must supply 121 kg of dung and 121 litres of water if the retention period is 45 days. For a 90-day retention period, only 84 litres of
dung and of water are required. This represents a difference of nearly 9 kg of dung and nearly 9 litres of water per m³ of gas per day. If the plant is filled only every other day, working time is saved - because of the saving of preparation time. If the biogas plant is too far from the source of water or from the animal housing, the housewife must perform additional work: the housewife's workload is lightened by a biogas plant only if the
distance to the water source and that to the byre together are less than a quarter of the distance to the wood collection point.The least amount of work results from locating the biogas plant directly beside the animal shelter (byre), which should have a paved floor. This makes it easy to sweep urine and dung into the
plant's inlet pipe. Often enough, no extra mixing water is needed' and the gas yield is considerably higher. The designer decides in whose interests the biogas plant is economic: a biogas plant for short retention times is economic for a farmer with many animals and cheap labour. A plant with long retention times is beneficial to:

-  a farmer with few animals,
-  the housewife,
-  the national economy.

The personal benefit of a biogas plant to the owner depends on how he previously met his energy and fertilizer requirements: the benefit is greater the more energy had to be bought in (diesel oil, coal, wood) and the higher the cost of that energy. However, there is always a close relationship between energy costs and those of construction. Energy costs are set out in the tables in. Example:
Previous wood consumption say 200 kg/ month,
Biogas equivalent 0.18 m³/kg, Comparable biogas volume: 0.18 x 200= 36 m³,
Required daily biogas volume: 36/30= 1.20 m³.
If daily gas production is at least 1.20 m³, all fuel costs are saved. The excess is available free of
charge; The excess can be counted on the credit side only if practical use is made of it.The benefit of the fertilizer depends primarily on how well the farmer knows how to use it. Assuming that the digested slurry is immediately utilized - and properly applied - as fertilizer, each daily kg can be expected to yield roughly 0.5 kg extra nitrogen, as compared with fresh manure. If the slurry is first left to dry and/or improperly applied, the nitrogen yield will be considerably lower. If parasitic diseases had previously been common, the improvement in hygiene also has economic benefits (reduced working time). The more fully the sludge is digested, the more pathogens are killed. High temperatures and long retention times are more hygienic.
The following are the principal organisms killed in biogas plants: Typhoid, paratyphoid, cholera and dysentery bacteria (in one or two weeks), hookworm and bilharzia (in three weeks). Tapeworm and roundworm die completely only when the fermented slurry is dried in the sun.

Polyethylene Tube Biodigesters installation manual PDF

Polyethylene Tube Biodigesters installation manual PDF






Download Source 


Plastic tube biodigester pdf
http://www.betuco.be/biogaz/Plastic%20tube%20biodigester.pdf

 Vietnam Plastic Tube Manual Biodigester pdf 

http://www.wcasfmra.org/biogas_docs/5%20Vietnam%20Plastic%20Tube%20Manual%20Biodigester.pdf

Biogas Utilization Handbook PDF

Biogas Utilization Handbook 

TABLE OF CONTENTS  (Con’t)
Chaoter  m
9  Instrumentation and Controls
for Biogas Equipment
Introduction
Gas Composition
Gas Caloric Value
Gas Density
Gas Flow
Pressure
Ambient  Exposure  Potential
Biogas Safety Considerations
Introduction
Toxicological Dangers
Flammability Dangers
Physical Dangers
Safety Equipment
Recommended  Safety Practices
References
IO
Appendix  A  - Alphabetical  Listing
of  Equipment  Suppliers
Appendix  B  - Listing  of  Companies
by Product  or Service



Download Resource :  http://www.p2pays.org/ref/22/21262.pdf

DESIGN OF BIOGAS PLANT PDF

DESIGN OF BIOGAS PLANT

Bio-gas Project, LGED

Introduction:
Biogas can be obtained from any organic materials after anaerobic fermentation by three main phases.


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Methane Digesters For Fuel Gas and Fertilizer PDF

Methane Digesters  For Fuel Gas and Fertilizer With Complete Instructions For Two Working Models

by
L. John Fry
Santa Barbara, California

"Methane Digesters" is also published, independently, as Newsletter No. 3,
Spring 1973,
by The New Alchemy Institute, Box 432, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543,


Eighth Printing
© 1973 L. John Fry
Richard Merrill

Inspiration: L. John Fry
Contributors: L. John Fry, Richard Merrill
Editors: Richard Merrill, Yedida Merrill
Artwork: Beth Amine
Thanks to: Earl Barnhart
Kim Mitchell

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Biogas from Animal Waste and Organic Industrial Waste PDF

Biogas from Animal Waste and Organic Industrial Waste

Kurt Hjort-Gregersen, M.sc.

Institute of Food and Ressource Economics
University of Copenhagen

Denmark

Biogas Plants in Denmark 1973 – 2008

Under changing motivations

1973-1985

Oil crisis - domestic energy supply
Less dependency on imported fuels – especially oil

1985-1995

Reduce nutrient losses from agriculture
Renewable energy

1995-2008

Tool for green house gas reduction
Sustainability in livestock production


Download PDF Biogas from Animal Waste and Organic Industrial Waste

Balaji Biogas System PDF

Installation of Balaji Biogas System and its Application with Purification and Bottling Biogas Unit


Introduction
At present our country is facing various problems which become more serious in next coming years. Demand of petroleum products is increasing, India has spending a big budget for importing these products and on the other hand our country faces serious problems like environmental pollution, disturbance in weather & global warming. India is an agriculture-based country and there is abundant availability of resources but these are not properly used and commercialized. In spite of all the developments and technologies are available yet the rural people facing the shortage of energy. The prime challenge for the country is to provide the minimum energy services to allow the rural people to achieve decent standard of living. The biogas plant is a boon to the Indian farmers. The two main products of the biogas plants are enriched compost manure and methane where as compost manure helps to meet the fertilizer requirements of the farmers in a more economical and efficient manner and boost agricultural production. Biogas is used for cooking and lighting purposes and in larger plants , as motive power for driving small engines.Indian government have installed gobar gas plants, which are approximately 12,00,000small, 3,40,000 medium, and 4,000 big gobar gas plant. If 20,00 gobar gas plants of 120 M3 hasbeen installed then approximately 6842 Lakh Rs. of diesel/petrol can save, but this project isfailed in few years no body have think that why this project is failed.Few years back KVIC & other agencies related to installation of bio gas plant installedtwo types of Biogas plant one was fixed dome and second was floating dome. Fixed domedigester was covered by concrete gas holder while floating dome digester was made up of metal(iron) sheet gas holder. Fixed dome digesters require one month for installation. After sometimes these types of digesters faced problem of scum deposition on upper surface which can notremoved easily, ultimately biogas production effected. In these plants high maintenance costwas required for removing scum. On the other hand floating gas holder (metal sheet) wascorroded due to contact with water and hydrogen sulfide. Second problem was that at the timefeeding few amounts of mud particles was present with feed, gradually this mud deposited in thelower surface of digester. Due to these problems digestion and gas formation is effected.Following problems keeping in mind we designed a low cost, easy and quick to install, durable,easy to maintain and anti corrosive type of biogas plant.


Download PDF Balaji Biogas Plant 

Biogas Plant In Sialkot Pasrur Village Fatah Gujjaran Photos

Biogas Plant In Sialkot Pasrur Village Fatah Gujjaran Photos

Biogas - Country Reports.

ISAT (Editor); GTZ (Editor) (1999): Biogas - Country Reports. Information and Advisory Services on Appropriate Technology (ISAT) and German Agency for Technical Cooperation GmbH (GTZ). URL [Accessed: 19.04.2010]

The information service on biogas technology has been developed and produced on the behalf of the GTZ project Information and Advisory Service on Appropriate Technology (ISAT). Volume IV summarises over 20 case studies from biogas sanitation as an appropriate technology in developing countries.

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Biogas Plan Awareness Raising Material

Awareness Raising Material 

Naturgerechte Technologien (Editor) (2000): Anaerobic Methods of Waste Treatment. German Agency for Technical Cooperation GmbH (GTZ) and German Appropriate Technology Exchange (GATE). URL [Accessed: 20.04.2010]

This technical factsheet describes the treatment of wastes through anaerobic digestion and biogas production at large-scale in a very comprehensive way. The treatment of different wastes, including sewage sludge, agricultural and industrial wastes or solid municipal wastes, is emphasised.

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TUHUS-DUBROW (2008): Waste? Not. In: The Boston Globe. URL [Accessed: 21.02.2010]

Critical article on conventional end-of-pipe wastewater approaches, introducing some alternatives such as biogas digester, arborloos or the fossa alterna.

Ontario Large Herd Operators European Anaerobic Digestion Tour Report.

BRUYN, J. de; HOUSE, H.; RODENBURG, J. (2006): Ontario Large Herd Operators European Anaerobic Digestion Tour Report. Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands : Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs. URL [Accessed: 24.01.2011]

Decentralised anaerobic digestion of market waste. Case study in Thiruvananthapuram, India

HEEB, F. (2009): Decentralised anaerobic digestion of market waste. Case study in Thiruvananthapuram, India. Duebendorf: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG). URL [Accessed: 27.04.2010]

Decentralized anaerobic digestion is a promising technology to handle the large organic fraction of the municipal solid waste with the additional benefit of producing biogas as well as fertilizer. In this study a market level biogas plant in Thiruvananthapuram, South India and constructed by a NGO called BIOTECH is monitored and evaluated.

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Renewable Energy from Kitchen Waste Download PDF Book

VOEGELI, Y.; LOHRI, C. (2009): Renewable Energy from Kitchen Waste. In: Sandec News 10. URL [Accessed: 05.05.2010]

This article talks about new treatment options for the anaerobic digestion of organic household waste in developing countries to improve waste management and provide households and institutions with biogas — a renewable, clean source of cooking energy.

Types of anaerobic digesters for solid wastes. Download PDF Book

VANDEVIVERE, P.; BAERE, L. de (2002): Types of anaerobic digesters for solid wastes. In: MATA-ALVAREZ, J. (Editor) (1999): Biomethanization of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes. London, 336 - 367. URL [Accessed: 30.05.2010]

This chapter presents and explains most common anaerobic digesters for solid waste. The different technologies are compared in respect to biological and technical performance as well as reliability. It was distinguished between one-stage, two-stage, and batch systems.

Organic Waste. Options for small-scale resource recovery. PDF Book

LARDINOIS, I.; KLUNDERT v.d., A. (1993): Organic Waste. Options for small-scale resource recovery. Gouda: WASTE Consultants.

This book is the first in a series on Urban Solid Waste Recovery, and represents an attempt to document the experiences of recycling activities in cities around the world. It covers the whole waste chain from municipal or agricultural generation of organic waste to different treatment methods, such as composting, co-composting, anaerobic digestion with production of biogas, and briquetting.

Biomethane and Biohydrogen. Status and perspectives of biological methane and hydrogen production. Download PDF Book

REITH, J.H. (Editor); WIJFFELS, R.H. (Editor); BARTEN, H. (Editor) (2003): Biomethane and Biohydrogen. Status and perspectives of biological methane and hydrogen production. Dutch Biological Hydrogen Foundation and the Netherlands Agency for Energy and the Environment (Novem).

The BIOTECH Plants

The BIOTECH Plants

Institutional level BIOTECH plant (left) and market level BIOTECH plant (right). Source: HEEB (2009)

The BIOTECH Roadshow. Source: F. HEEB (2009)

BIOTECH is a nodal agency of the Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources in Kerala, South India (MUELLER 2007). BIOTECH has been developing and installing biogas plants that generate biogas from domestic biodegradable waste like cooked food waste, vegetable waste and waste water from kitchen (1 m3 for a 3 to 5 member family meets about 50 % of cooking needs, MUELLER 2007) (see picture above). BIOTECH has also developed reactors for the decentralised anaerobic digestion of organic market waste or municipal solid or slaughterhouse waste. The electricity generated from the decentralized plants for market wastes is used for street lightning and distributed to households.

Schematic plan of a BIOTECH market level plant. The sketch is not drawn to scale, but the proportions have been considered as far as possible. a) Inlet tank for feedstock. b) Digester tank. c) Effluent tank. d) Effluent storage tank. e) Effluent pump. f) Gasholder drum. The drum is stabilized by a guide pole in the middle and is floating in a water jacket outside the digester. g) Biogas pipe. h) Gas Scrubber. i) Biogas generator j) Drainage connection for excess effluent Source: HEEB (2009)

As the ARTIs, the BIOTECH market level plants are based on a floating-drum design including a recirculation loop to optimise moisture content (HEEB 2009). The feedstock (often market wastes) is put in the inlet tank from where it is flushed into the main digester tank for anaerobic digestion (3 m diameter and 3 m depth, HEEB 2009). To increase the retention time for solids, there is a baffle in the middle of the tank and orthogonal to the flow direction. The baffle holds back unsuspended solid compounds of the waste, whereas liquids can easily flow over (much like septic tanks or biogas digesters, see also factsheet (see also small scale digesters or biogas settlers). This leads to an increased retention time for unsuspended solids and therefore to an improved decomposition of this compounds. The digested liquor (digestate) flows into the effluent tank from where a pump, run with electricity of the produced biogas, transports it up into an overhead storage tank. From the tank, the digestate is then used to flush the feedstock from the inlet tank into the digester tank avoiding the need of fresh water for flushing (HEEB 2009).

Large-Scale Wet Digestion of Municipal Organic Waste

Large-Scale Wet Digestion of Municipal Organic Waste

Digester and gas storage at the Rayong Municipality Cogeneration plant, Thailand. Source: MUELLER (2007)

In Thailand, the development of alternative energy sources is critical, as the government has set 2011 as the target date for 8% of the nation’s total energy reduction (MUELLER 2007). This has given large rise to various large-scale biogas projects. The Rayong Municipality has constructed a wet fed-batch high-solids plant for the treatment of the organic fraction of the municipal solid waste. The plant is comprised of two systems; a process that converts waste to biogas and fertiliser and a biogas-fired cogeneration process (CHP). Additional to the organic solid waste from the municipality, the Rayong plant uses food, vegetables and fruit wastes and night soil as waste materials. The plant has a capacity to handle 60 tons of waste per day turning out into an output of 5800 tons organic fertiliser and electricity of about 5 million kWh (MUELLER 2007).