Promotion of Biodiesel in Pakistan

 PSOs’ Biodiesel Initiative for the promotion of Biodiesel in Pakistan   

Source:http://biofuels-info.blogspot.com/2011/06/promotion-of-biodiesel-in-pakistan.html

2.  Biodiesel – A Brief Description
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Biodiesel is a domestic, renewable fuel for diesel engines derived from natural oils (plant oil and
animal fats), which meets the specifications of ASTM D 6751. Technically Biodiesel is a chemical
compound - “mono-alkyl ester” and is the product of the reaction of a straight chain alcohol, such
as methanol or ethanol, with a fat or oil (triglyceride) to form glycerol (glycerin) and the esters of
long chain fatty acids. 



1.  Executive Summary
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Due to declining fossil fuel reserves, global climate changes and government regulation regarding
Green House Gases;  the alternate  fuel sources available nowadays have become more and more
important. Although  there are a number of different  fuel sources available but biodiesel is most
feasible  for  countries  like  Pakistan  due  to  its  agricultural  base  and  suitable  climatic  condition,
Total  Geographical  area  of  Pakistan  is  approx.  80  million  ha  and  30%  of  it  is  utilized  for
agriculture purpose and this highlights the potential for fuel crops such as Jatropha, Castor , etc in
Pakistan. So  the more we grow  fuel  crops  for alternate  fuel  source  the  better  it  is  both  for  the
environment and for our economy. 

Considering the aforementioned scenario, PSO (Pakistan State Oil) has already started working on
Bio-fuels  with  emphasis  on  bio  diesel.  Currently,  Pakistan  consumes  about  8  million  tons  of
petroleum diesel per annum half of which is imported. With 10 % blend of bio diesel, a substantial
savings can be achieved in terms of foreign exchange as well as improved earnings for the whole
nation especially for poor farmer communities.

PSO  has  selected  Jatropha Curcas as  a  prospective  plant  candidate  for bio-diesel  because  of  its
unique  characteristics  and  for  the  same  reason  substantial  research  work  has  been  done  by
countries  like  India,  Malaysia,  China,  Brazil  and  USA.  To  produce  10%  blend  of  biodiesel,
approximately  one  million  acres  of  marginal/barren/waste  land  is  required  for  Jatropha
plantation.

PSO has also made significant progress in plantation of Jatropha Curcas shrubs and now we are
leading  in all aspect of  Jatropha plantation  to biodiesel production and  its application. We have
successfully completed initial project life cycle (From Jatropha seed sowing to its use) and have set
the following direction for the initiation of Biodiesel in Pakistan: 

Download full Report (PDF) 
 PSOs’ Biodiesel Initiative for the promotion of Biodiesel in Pakistan  

BIODIESEL IN PAKISTAN

BIODIESEL IN PAKISTAN

BIODIESEL IN PAKISTAN

 

SOURCE: http://biofuels-info.blogspot.com/2011/06/biodiesel-in-pakistan.html

BIODIESEL IN PAKISTAN

-The technology of trans-esterification has already been developed and tested locally at Sir Syed University of
Engineering & Technology, Karachi.
- The capacity of locally developed unit for the production of Biodiesel is 100 liters per batch in two hours.
- On full scale it can produce up to 400 liters of Biodiesel per day using which a 200 KW generator can run for 8 hours on B100 (100% Biodiesel).


- The bio-energy alternative is exciting because it provides us with
easily available fuel that can fit into today’s gasoline and diesel engines with minimal or no changes to existing systems.

- Biofuel is also a form of solar energy harvested from the land, as plants use photosynthesis to convert solar energy into chemical energy stored in the form of oils etc., and wherever land and water are abundant biofuel is cheap and sustainable.

- Of the bio-energy alternatives, one exciting trend is Biodiesel
– a diesel-like substitute from plant and animal fats.

DOWNLOAD  BIODIESEL IN PAKISTAN

How to make biofuel | Make your own Biodiesel page 2

How to make biofuel

Ethyl esters -- making ethanol biodiesel

Making ethyl-esters biodiesel using ethanol is a tricky process, not as simple as making methyl esters with methanol. It's not for novices -- learn how to make biodiesel with methanol first.

Methods and recipes for ethyl-esters biodiesel are available here, along with a How-To from a master home-brewer who has been making and using his own ethyl-esters biodiesel for years.

See: Ethanol biodiesel

Reclaiming excess methanol

Depending on the kind of oil you're using, it takes from 110-160 millilitres of methanol per litre of oil to form the methyl esters molecule. But you also need to use an excess of methanol to push the conversion process towards completion -- the total amount of methanol used is usually 20% or more of the volume of oil used, 200 ml per litre or more.

Much of the excess methanol can be recovered after the process for re-use, simply by boiling it off in a closed container with an outlet leading to a simple condensor.

Methanol boils at 64.7 deg C, 148.5 deg F, though it starts vaporizing well before it reaches boiling point.

Unlike ethanol, methanol does not form an azeotrope with water and relatively pure methanol can be recovered -- pure enough to re-use in the next batch.

The methanol can be recovered at the end of the process, or just from the glycerine by-product layer, since at least 70% of the excess methanol collects in the by-product and it's that much less material to heat.

Read More..

How to make biofuel Biodiesel Page 1

Make your own biodiesel "How to make biofuel Biodiesel Page 1"

Biodiesel

Anybody can make biodiesel. It's easy, you can make it in your kitchen -- and it's better fuel than the petro-diesel the oil companies sell you.

Your diesel motor will run better and last longer on your home-made fuel, and it's much cleaner -- better for the environment and better for health.

If you make it from used cooking oil it's not only cheap but you'll be recycling a troublesome waste product that too often ends up in sewers and landfills instead of being recycled.

Best of all is the GREAT feeling of freedom, independence and empowerment that making your own fuel will give you.

Read More....